How to file IRPF with cryptocurrencies step by step

Filing your income tax return when you have cryptocurrencies requires more preparation than a standard return. This guide takes you through the entire process step by step.

Step 1: Gather your complete history

Before opening the tax draft from Hacienda, you need:

1. CSV from all your exchanges with the complete history for the year (01/01 to 12/31).
2. History of your own wallets (hardware wallet, MetaMask, etc.).
3. Records of staking, airdrops, and rewards with the dates and prices of each credit.
4. DeFi history if applicable.

Step 2: Calculate gains and losses using FIFO

Use a specialized tool (such as declaracrypto.es) to:

1. Import all CSVs.
2. Identify and match transfers between your own wallets.
3. Apply the FIFO method automatically.
4. Generate the gain/loss report broken down by transaction and type of income.

The result should provide you with:

• Total capital gains (savings base) from transfers/disposals.
• Total investment income (interest, staking…).
• Breakdown by transaction (to fill in the tax return annex).

Step 3: Open the return in Renta WEB (AEAT)

Access Renta WEB with your DNI + digital certificate or Cl@ve PIN. The draft will not include your crypto transactions; you must add them manually.

Step 4: Fill in the correct boxes

Capital gains and losses (savings base)

Gains from the transfer of cryptocurrencies are declared in the boxes for capital gains and losses derived from the transfer of assets.

In Renta WEB 2025, go to:
Capital gains and losses > Transfer of other assets

For each transaction (or grouping by crypto type if there are many), enter:

• Acquisition date.
• Transfer/Disposal date.
• Acquisition value.
• Transfer/Disposal value.
• Resulting gain/loss.

Investment income (Rendimientos del capital mobiliario)

Interest from staking, airdrops, and similar go in:
Investment income > Other investment income

Step 5: Check the savings base

After entering all transactions, verify that the taxable savings base matches the result from your tax tool. If there are discrepancies, review transaction by transaction.

Step 6: Check if you need to file informative returns

• Modelo 721: if you had more than €50,000 in foreign exchanges as of 12/31 of the previous year. It is filed in January, not with the IRPF.
• Modelos 172/173: these are filed by the exchanges, not by you directly.

Step 7: File the return

Before confirming the draft, check:

• Have you included all transactions, including crypto-to-crypto?
• Are staking and airdrops in investment income?
• Have you carried forward losses from previous years in the corresponding box?

Once verified, confirm and file. Save the filing receipt.

Key Dates 2025

Conclusion

Declaring crypto is no more complicated than declaring stocks; there are simply more transactions and FIFO requires calculation. With a specialized tool, the process is reduced to importing, reviewing, and transferring the totals to Renta WEB. The key is to have all documentation ready before opening the return.